The coarse aggregate type employed in the study was crushed granite. In hydraulic structures, the action of the abrasive materials carried by flowing water generally leads to erosion of the concrete. Improving the abrasion resistance of hydraulic concrete containing surface crack by adding silica fume. Concrete is resistant to the abrasive affects of ordinary weather. Under such conditions the transport of coarse grains is expected. Non hydraulic cement is manufactured using non hydraulic lime, gypsum plasters and oxychloride, which has liquid properties. Abrasion resistant concrete should include the maximum amount of the hardest coarse aggregate that is available and the lowest practical wc.
Ordinarily, concrete in properly designed, constructed. Concrete deterioration primarily results from some combination of the following mechanisms. Dec 23, 2019 a new experimental method on simulating the combined action of cavitation erosion and abrasion was proposed to investigate the erosion mechanism of overflow structure induced by the said processes. Experimental study on the mechanism of the combined action of. Abrasion resistance, blast furnace slag, concrete, fly ash, hydraulic structures. F70 was modified by replacing fa at levels of 10 and 20 % with silica fume sf and ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs and their equally combinations. Abrasion resistance of concrete journal of materials in.
Tests to measure the abrasion resistance of a floors surface are described in parts 3, 4 and 5 of en 892. Join us may 1517 at the desert willow conference center in phoenix, az. The performance of a special concrete made of calcium aluminate cement and calcium aluminate reactive synthetic aggregate alag is evaluated for its resistance to abrasion and cavitation by high water velocities commonly found in hydraulic structures. Fundamentals of reinforced concrete design of hydraulic. Tests results 18 indicate that the widths and depths of abrasion of concrete mixtures with an average 28day compressive strength of 75 mpa were 1. They are not intended to provide a quantitative measurement of length of service. The concrete surface that has to be repaired must be rough enough, and the repair material must have proper adhesive features so that the bond between the old concrete and repair material is.
This course will provide a thorough overview of the fundamentals of specifying the fresh and hardened properties of concrete mixes. Especially, highway, airport and industrial floor pavements should be resistant to abrasion. A laboratory test program on abrasion resistance of concrete, including the development of a new underwater abrasion test method, is described. In traditional abrasive conditions 3 major rules can be established. Therefore, it is important to repair and protect the concrete from atmospheric forces. Abrasion on concr ete surfaces caused by hydraulic loading with waterborne sands mohammad sabbir hasan hydraulic structures play an important role in regulation and transport of water in reservoirs as well as open channels.
Abrasionerosion resistance of fiberreinforced concrete. This is required to make the concrete plastic and more workable. Improving the abrasion resistance of hydraulicconcrete containing surface crack by adding silica fume. Abrasionresistant materials are useful for both moving and fixed parts in settings where wearing is an issue. Ozgur yaman december 2004, 93 pages concrete block pavement cbp can be an alternative pavement to asphalt and concrete pavements. A study on abrasion resistance of concrete paving blocks aslantas, onur m. For example, underwater steelball method and highspeed water sand method are usually used in antiabrasion test wang et al. The following summary discusses potential causes of concrete deterioration and the factors that influence them. This is the most common type of cement which is extensively used. Abrasion resistance of highstrength concrete in hydraulic structures.
The adequacy of the laboratory procedure for the definition of the level of concrete abrasion in standard astm c18 hydraulic structures was investigated in detail. In this paper, the phenomenon of concrete abrasion in hydraulic structures, which is caused by the abrasion process resulting from the sediment carried by water, is analyzed. During the exploitation time of hydraulic structures, the reinforced concrete deteriorates. Different types of suspected frost related damage concrete structures in hydro to power plants are identified and categorised in this. Abrasion resistance of highstrength concrete made with class c fly ash by tarun r. Numerous studies on the abrasion resistance of concrete have been carried out to show that the abrasion resistance of concrete is strongly influenced by compressive strength, surface finishing techniques, curing types, aggregate properties and testing conditions atis 2002. Abrasion resistance for concrete floors abrasion tests. Association of state dam safety officials 239 south limestone lexington, kentucky, u. Standard test method for abrasion resistance of horizontal. Abstract most of the abrasion damage is caused by the action of waterborne particles silt, sand, gravel, and other solid impacting and rolling against the concrete surface during hy. Maximum chloride ion content of concrete aci 318 maximum type of member cl prestressed concrete 0. It has good resistance to cracking and dry shrinkage but less resistance to chemical attack.
This manual provides guidance for designing reinforced concrete hydraulic structures by the strength design method. Engineering and design strength design for reinforced concrete hydraulic structures. However, the resistance of such concrete subjected to abrasive action of waterborne particles has not previously been evaluated. Abrasion of concrete on hydraulic structures with underwater method. Pdf abrasion resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures. Acrylic acid emulsion aae mortar, silica fume sf mortar, high strength hs mortar, polypropylene pp fiber mortar and basalt fiber bf mortar were prepared and their direct tensile bond strength, splitting tensile bond strength, abrasion resistance and. Corrosion of steel in concrete structures 1st edition. Ceramic lined ball valve for abrasive particle pneumatic conveying and almost all abrasive applications. Hundreds of tons of concrete may be ruined due to the abrasion erosion phenomenon that takes place in several hydraulic structures.
The second series, focusing on the effect of watercementitious ratio wc on abrasion resistance, reveal that as long as wc is maintained at about 0. Abrasion resistance is directly related to the strength of the concrete. Erosion of concrete of hydraulic structures is a longterm process, and it usually develops over a period of several months or even years before the damage can be assessed. Effect of silica fume and slag on compressive strength and. Concrete can deteriorate for a variety of reasons, and concrete damage is often the result of a combination of factors. Abrasion resistance of highstrength concrete in hydraulic. Abrasion on concrete surfaces caused by hydraulic loading. Corrosion of reinforcing steel is the most common cause of concrete.
Abrasion resistance and scaling resistance of concrete. Detection and repair of hydraulic concrete structure. The procedures differ in the type and degree of abrasive force they impart, and are intended for use in determining variations in surface properties of concrete affected by mixture proportions, finishing, and surface treatment. There are two views on the relationship between compressive strength. The high strength concrete hsc with high abrasion resistance are more. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel together. The choice of testing methodology of concrete resistance to abrasive wear is very important. This paper describes an indepth evaluation of an abrasion testing procedure for concrete pavers developed in australia the test involves abrasion of the paver surface by a rapidly rotating ball race under load. Evaluation of cement mortar suitability for repairing. It is imperative that materials be tested and evaluated, in accordance with astm c 18 crdc 63, prior to use in the repair of abrasion erosion damaged hydraulic structures. Abrasion resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures. Performing orgootiaation nama oftd addrau center for transportation research the university of texas at austin austin, texas 787121075 technical report standard title fage 3. This work was undertaken to evaluate the abrasion resistanc e of concrete proportioned to have five levels of cement replacements 15, 30, 40, 50, and 70% with one source of class c fly ash. Granulated blastfurnace slag gbfs and bottom ash ba are two of.
Spillway aprons, stilling basins, sluiceways, drainage conduits or culverts, and tunnel linings are particularly susceptible to abrasion erosion resulting in surface fractures, concrete peeling and. Mechanisms of surface wear in hydraulic structures of concrete. This paper presents the results of the examinations of abrasive wear of the nine types of highstrength concrete hsc with compressive strength of 75. However, more recent studies have shown an improvement on the performance.
Testing methods for abrasion resistance for concrete floors. Some researchers have stated that concrete containing fly ash is as resistant to abrasion as concrete without fly ash 3. Abrasion resistance of concrete design, construction and case. Hydraulic cement is used widely in the construction industry sealing structures below grade and in situations where structures can be. Civil engineering civil engg lectures, books, notes. Strong concrete is more abrasion resistant than weak concrete. For quality concrete, a proper proportion of water to cement is essential. The purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate the wear resistance of concretes under abrasion rates.
Abrasion resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures article pdf available in aci materials journal 1064. Plain concrete and prestressed concrete are not covered in this manual. Cbp is formed from individual concrete paving blocks cpbs. Study of the performance of four repairing material.
Other types of concrete deterioration are outside the scope of this report. Concrete is the most widely used material in existence and is only. As an abrasion resistant and corrosion resistant valve, ceramic lined ball valve has very excellent performance for abrasive mediums and corrosive mediums. Water is used both to lubricate the race and to remove debris. The use of pozzolans for concrete floors subjected to abrasion has also been discussed in the literature.
In this test, the concrete sample is subjected to an abrasive charge consisting of 70 chrome steel balls circulating in water over the concrete surface. Although highquality concrete can resist high water velocities for many years with little or no damage, the concrete may not withstand the abrasive action of debris grinding. S army engineer waterways experiment station, vicksburg, 1980 liu. Detection and repair of hydraulic concrete structure reinforcement technologies. Abrasion resistance has close proximity to the compressive strength of concrete. Hydraulic cement is a product used to stop water and leaks in concrete and masonry structures.
Strength design for reinforcedconcrete hydraulic structures technical engineering and design guides as adapted from the u. Abrasion damage generally results from constant friction and impact of waterborne silt, sand, gravel, rocks, ice, and other debris on concrete surfaces during the operation of a hydraulic structure. Hydraulic structure is the umbrella term for structures in contact with water hydro power stations, dams, locks, canals, harbours and bridge piles. Abrasion damage generally results from constant friction and impact of waterborne silt, sand, gravel, rocks, ice, and other debris on concrete. The test program was designed to evaluate the relative abrasion resistance of various materials considered for use in the repair of a brasion damaged concrete structures. In this study, portland cement pc has been partially replaced with a class f fly ash fa at level of 70 % to produce highvolume fa hvfa concrete f70. Abrasion of concrete by ice in arctic sea structures seppo huovinen abstract rakenteiden mekaniikka, vol. Built constructions builtconstructions causes of distress. The ceramic lined valve has been used in quartz pneumatic conveying, coal powder pneumatic conveying. Purchase corrosion of steel in concrete structures 1st edition.
Abrasion resistance of concrete microreinforced with. The concrete structure is subjected to a heavy mechanical. At present, several experimental methods are used to investigate the antiabrasion or anticavitation performance of hydraulic concrete. Fiberreinforced concrete frc has been used for repair of abrasion erosion damaged areas such as stilling basins, conduits, sluiceways, and discharge laterals in hydraulic structures. Technical reports, together with carried out inspections, showed that the main deteriorations in the concrete surfaces are due to abrasionerosion actions caused by the water flow from the reservoir onto the hydraulic. Impact abrasion of hydraulic structures concrete yuwen liu1, shiwei cho2, and tsaohua hsu3 key words.
This manual covers requirements for design of reinforced concrete hydraulic structures by the strength design method. Cement mixed with fine aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces concrete. Deicing salts are a major cause of corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete. The bond and antiabrasion performance of repair materials are the key factors for successful repair of hydraulic concrete. Abrasion erosion damage is caused by friction and the impact of waterborne silt, sand, gravel, rocks, ice and other debris on the concrete surface of a hydraulic structure. Improving the abrasion resistance of hydraulicconcrete. Hydraulic concrete structures frequently experience longterm abrasive erosion by waterborne sand, resulting in surface damage and eventually limiting their service life.
Abrasion damage in hydraulic structures is caused by the abrasive effects of waterborne silt, sand, gravel, rocks, ice, and other debris impinging on the concrete surface. Experimental study on the mechanism of the combined action. Testing of concrete abrasion resistance in hydraulic structures on the lower sava river. Testing of concrete abrasion resistance in hydraulic structures on. A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Because of such operation regime, the exposed parts of spillways, where abrasive erosion is to be expected. The present work focuses some hydraulic surfaces of concrete structures of hydroelectric power plants in operation in brazil. Effects of bottom ash and granulated blast furnace slag as. Nov 19, 2018 abrasion damage in hydraulic structures is caused by the abrasive effects of waterborne silt, sand, gravel, rocks, ice, and other debris impinging on the concrete surface. They may also be used for quality acceptance of products and surface exposed to wear. Examples of severe abrasion and erosion are particles in rapidly moving water, floating ice, or areas where steel studs are allowed on tires. The abrasionerosion resistance of concrete was evaluated according to astm c 18, test method for abrasion resistance of concrete underwater method.
Study on the bond and antiabrasion performance of repair. Report 3, abrasion erosion resistance of concrete, technical report no c784, u. The abrasion erosion resistance of concrete was evaluated according to astm c 18, test method for abrasion resistance of concrete underwater method. Abrasion resistance for concrete floors abrasion tests on. For this reason the accelerated concrete abrasion methods are necessary. Hard aggregates are more abrasion resistant than soft aggregates. Five concrete mix proportions of a fixed watercement ratio of 0. In this study, the investigation of abrasion erosion tests on concrete with various water to cementitious material ratios wcm was performed. Abrasive effects observed in concrete hydraulic surfaces of dams. Testing of concrete abrasion resistance in hydraulic structures on the lower sava river 247 gates, which is achieved at 2,500 m3s. It is a type of cement, similar to mortar, that sets extremely fast and hardens after it has been mixed with water. By rotating an abrasive disk across the concrete, the surface is partially worn away. Polymer concrete, sp69, american concrete institute, detroit, erosion of concrete in hydraulic structures 1981, pp 123144 liu, tony c. Abrasion on concrete surfaces caused by hydraulic loading with waterborne sands mohammad sabbir hasan hydraulic structures play an important role in regulation and transport of water in reservoirs as well as open channels.
An automatic sand mixing device was invented for highpressure and highspeed flow based on the characteristics of venturi cavitation generator and hydraulic bernoulli principle. Compressive strength and abrasion resistance of concretes. One method used to test the abrasion resistance of a concrete floor is the boehm test. Such unfavorable action can impose high maintenance costs and. It is imperative that materials be tested and evaluated, in accordance with astm c 18 crdc 63, prior to use in the repair of abrasionerosion damaged hydraulic structures. Testing of concrete abrasion resistance in hydraulic. Aug 26, 2019 abrasion resistant materials are useful for both moving and fixed parts in settings where wearing is an issue. The manual contains provisions for design of structures that are satisfactory for both serviceability and ultimate strength. Abrasion erosion of concrete by waterborne sand sciencedirect. Strong concrete is more abrasionresistant than weak concrete. Abstractabrasion resistance is one of the most important durability properties of concrete.
Abrasion resistance of concrete design, construction and. The abrasion resistance of materials and structures can be evaluated by a variety of test. Abrasionresistant concrete should include the maximum amount of the hardest coarse aggregate that is available and the lowest practical wc. Recently, many research studies have been carried out on the utilization of industrial byproducts in concrete.
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